Skip to content
UNASPACE

Data Normalization

Normalization eliminates data redundancy and ensures data integrity by organizing data into properly structured tables.

  • Each column contains atomic (indivisible) values
  • No repeating groups or arrays
  • Each row must be unique
  • Must be in 1NF
  • No partial dependencies on composite primary keys
  • All non-key attributes fully depend on entire primary key
  • Must be in 2NF
  • No transitive dependencies
  • Non-key attributes don’t depend on other non-key attributes
  • Stronger version of 3NF
  • Every determinant must be a candidate key
  • Reduces data redundancy
  • Improves data consistency
  • Easier maintenance
  • Better storage efficiency

Sometimes tables are intentionally denormalized for:

  • Performance optimization
  • Simplified queries
  • Reporting requirements

Balance between normalization benefits and performance needs.

Last updated:

Built with passion by Ngineer Lab